Control de Spodoptera frugiperda y respuesta productiva de Zea mays L. mediante extractos vegetales

Marisol Rivero Herrada; Sherly Liliam Roca Moreno; Rebeca Martha Alvarez de la Guardia; Carmen V. Marín Cuevas; Karla Nicole Factos Laiño; Eduardo Gutiérrez Rivero; Juan Antonio Torres-Rodriguez

doi:10.70881/mcj/v3/n3/67

Autores/as

Marisol Rivero Herrada Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo Autor/a https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2279-0571
Sherly Liliam Roca Moreno Investigador independiente Autor/a https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7434-6475
Rebeca Martha Alvarez de la Guardia Empresa de Proyecto Agropecuario Autor/a https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3622-7315
Carmen V. Marín Cuevas Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo Autor/a https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8128-9170
Karla Nicole Factos Laiño Investigador independiente Autor/a https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1484-2669
Eduardo Gutiérrez Rivero Universidad de Guadalajara Autor/a https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2192-3376
Juan Antonio Torres-Rodriguez Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo Autor/a https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3326-4371

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70881/mcj/v3/n3/67

Palabras clave:

bioinsecticidas, rendimiento agronómico, incidencia, severidad

Resumen

Spodoptera frugiperda representa una de las principales plagas que afectan al cultivo de maíz en América Latina, generando severas pérdidas de rendimiento. Este estudio evaluó la eficacia de tres extractos vegetales comerciales (Capsicum annuum, Azadirachta indica y Cinnamomum verum), aplicados en dos dosis (alta y baja), sobre la incidencia y severidad de S. frugiperda, así como su efecto sobre componentes del rendimiento en maíz. El ensayo se desarrolló bajo un diseño completamente al azar con arreglo factorial 3×2 + 1, con evaluaciones a los 15, 25 y 35 días después de la siembra. Los resultados mostraron que el extracto de C. annuum en dosis alta (0,8 L ha⁻¹) redujo significativamente la incidencia y severidad del daño (hasta en 80 %), superando a los demás tratamientos (p < 0,05). Además, promovió incrementos significativos en el número de granos por mazorca, peso de 100 granos y rendimiento total (7280,1 kg ha⁻¹). En contraste, el extracto de C. verum mostró menor efectividad. Los extractos vegetales representan una alternativa eficaz, sostenible y compatible con el manejo integrado de plagas, permitiendo reducir el uso de insecticidas sintéticos sin comprometer la productividad del maíz

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