Eficacia de Trichoderma sp. y Bacillus subtilis como agentes de control biológico contra Pseudocercospora fijiensis en el cultivo del plátano (Musa × paradisiaca)
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https://doi.org/10.70881/mcj/v4/n2/145Palabras clave:
Biocontrol, germinación de ascosporas, incidencia, metabolitos, crecimiento radialResumen
Este estudio evaluó la eficacia de Trichoderma sp. y Bacillus subtilis como agentes de biocontrol contra Pseudocercospora fijiensis, el hongo responsable de la Sigatoka Negra en banano (Musa × paradisiaca). Bajo condiciones de laboratorio, se evaluó la inhibición de la germinación de ascosporas y el crecimiento radial mediante la aplicación de metabolitos de Trichoderma sp. y B. subtilis en concentraciones de 5% y 10%. A una concentración de 10%, B. subtilis logró una inhibición del 100% de la germinación de ascosporas y una reducción del 90% en el crecimiento radial de P. fijiensis, superando a Trichoderma, que logró una inhibición del 60% en ambas pruebas a la misma concentración. En ensayos de invernadero, se midió la incidencia y severidad de la enfermedad en plántulas de banano Cavendish inoculadas con P. fijiensis y tratadas con aplicaciones foliares semanales de los agentes de biocontrol. Con una concentración del 10 %, B. subtilis redujo la gravedad de la enfermedad al 10 %, mientras que Trichoderma, al 10 %, logró una reducción del 30 % en la gravedad, en comparación con el control, que mantuvo una gravedad constante de alrededor del 81 %. Estos resultados resaltan el potencial de B. subtilis como un potente agente de biocontrol contra P. fijiensis, ofreciendo una alternativa sostenible y eficaz para el manejo de la Sigatoka Negra en sistemas agrícolas, reduciendo así la dependencia de fungicidas químicos y promoviendo prácticas de cultivo respetuosas con el medio ambiente
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Derechos de autor 2026 Angel Virgilio Cedeño Moreira, Kimberly López Cedeño, Mauricio Renato Morejón Centeno, Juan Antonio Torres Rodríguez, Ketty Vanessa Arellano Ibarra, Jorge Alberto Alejandre Rosas, Alejandra Alvarado Mávil (Autor/a)
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
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