Diversity of pollinating butterflies of native plants in the biological corridor of La María campus, Mocache, Ecuador

Odalis Celine Vilela Sabando; Angel Virgilio Cedeño Moreira; Gerald Amador Saldarreaga Chichande; Felix Rodolfo Almeida Calderón

doi:10.70881/mcj/v3/n4/85

Autores/as

Odalis Celine Vilela Sabando Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo Autor/a https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0949-3646
Angel Virgilio Cedeño Moreira Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo Autor/a https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6564-5569
Gerald Amador Saldarreaga Chichande Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo Autor/a https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0029-9185
Felix Rodolfo Almeida Calderón Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo Autor/a https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7588-5880

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70881/mcj/v3/n4/85

Palabras clave:

mariposas polinizadoras, plantas nativas, índices ecológicos, conservación

Resumen

La conservación de los polinizadores es esencial para mantener la estabilidad ecológica y la reproducción de plantas nativas, especialmente en regiones tropicales donde la fragmentación del hábitat compromete interacciones ecológicas clave. Entre estos organismos, las mariposas destacan por su diversidad funcional y adaptabilidad en ambientes perturbados. Este estudio evaluó la diversidad de mariposas polinizadoras en el corredor biológico del campus La María (Mocache, Ecuador), mediante muestreo sistemático por transectos durante la estación seca de 2024. Se emplearon observación directa y captura con red entomológica, registrándose nueve taxones pertenecientes a diferentes familias de Lepidoptera. La caracterización morfológica reveló adaptaciones para el vuelo y mecanismos defensivos como mimetismo, camuflaje y aposematismo. El análisis de incidencia relativa mostró que Heliconius sp. fue la especie dominante (25,00 ± 0,87%), seguida de Phoebis philea y otros taxones con incidencias menores. La estructura comunitaria presentó una riqueza específica de S = 9, un índice de Shannon (H′) de 2,08 y una equidad de Pielou (J) de 0,9825, lo que indica alta diversidad alfa con una distribución equitativa de especies. Además, se identificaron seis especies vegetales asociadas a la actividad polinizadora de mariposas, entre ellas Lantana camara y Silphium asteriscus como las de mayor incidencia. La comunidad vegetal mostró una diversidad intermedia (H′ = 1,57; 1 − D = 0,78). Los resultados refuerzan el valor ecológico de los corredores biológicos como reservorios de biodiversidad y promotores de interacciones funcionales en ecosistemas tropicales fragmentados

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