Influencia del tiempo de descongelación en la motilidad, viabilidad y estructura del acrosoma en espermatozoides de toros Bos indicus

Jessica Aracely Intriago Mariño; Diego Javier Conrado Palma; Javier Enrique Camacho Castillo; Ricardo Lenin Bastidas Espinoza; Gerald Amador Saldarreaga Chichande; Odalis Celine Vilela Sabando

doi:10.70881/mcj/v4/n1/111

Autores/as

Jessica Aracely Intriago Mariño Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo Autor/a https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6555-6573
Diego Javier Conrado Palma Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo Autor/a https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1917-0814
Javier Enrique Camacho Castillo Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo Autor/a https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3981-2694
Ricardo Lenin Bastidas Espinoza Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo Autor/a https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4331-7492
Gerald Amador Saldarreaga Chichande Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo Autor/a https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0029-9185
Odalis Celine Vilela Sabando Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo Autor/a https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0949-3646

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70881/mcj/v4/n1/111

Palabras clave:

Semen, CASA, Crio preservación, Acrosoma, viabilidad y motilidad

Resumen

La criopreservación de semen bovino es una herramienta estratégica para la inseminación artificial, pero su eficacia depende en gran medida del protocolo de descongelación, ya que la exposición térmica puede intensificar el daño criogénico sobre membranas y el acrosoma. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el efecto de tres tiempos de descongelación en baño María a 37 °C T1 (35 s), T2 (50 s) y T3 (65 s) sobre la calidad funcional y estructural de semen preservado de toros Bos indicus, mediante parámetros de motilidad, cinemática espermática e integridad celular. Se aplicó un diseño completamente al azar con tres repeticiones por tratamiento; la motilidad y variables cinemáticas se midieron con un sistema de análisis computarizado (CASA) y la integridad se determinó por Eosina–Nigrosina (viabilidad y membrana plasmática) y Giemsa (estado acrosomal). La motilidad total fue mayor en T1 (45,03%) en comparación con T2 (40,84%) y T3 (43,14%), mientras que la motilidad progresiva se mantuvo similar entre tratamientos; en contraste, la linealidad aumentó de 0,41 a 0,52 y la rectitud de 0,77 a 0,86 al incrementar el tiempo de exposición. Sin embargo, la viabilidad disminuyó marcadamente de 44,56% (T1) a 16,49% (T2) y 8,59% (65 s), con mortalidad de 91,41% en T3, y el acrosoma intacto se redujo de 53,66% (T1) a 16,33% (T3). Se concluye que, aunque tiempos prolongados favorecen trayectorias más rectas, comprometen severamente la integridad espermática, por lo que 35 s a 37 °C representa el mejor balance operativo para preservar el potencial fecundante dentro del rango evaluado

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