Usos recreativos, medicinales y etnobotánicos de hongos alucinógenos: una revisión
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70881/mcj/v4/n3/164Palabras clave:
hongos mágicos, hongos psilocibios, orden Agaricales, Psilocybe, psilocibinaResumen
En la presente investigación se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sobre los usos recreativos, de medicina occidental y etnobotánicos de los hongos alucinógenos, para ello se emplearon buscadores como Pubmed, Google académico, entre otros, y ciertos operadores boléanos. Se analizaron en total 60 manuscritos tanto en idioma español como inglés. Desde el siglo XI, Japón ha registrado el consumo del hongo panaelo mariposa, Panaeolus papilionaceus, conocido por sus efectos alucinógenos. En México, el hongo niño de agua, Psilocybe aztecorum, se comercializa, evidenciando su uso recreativo. En Estados Unidos, la variabilidad en los niveles de sustancias alcaloideas como la psilocibina y psilocina, entre otras, afecta la experiencia recreativa. El hongo falsa toronja, Amanita muscaria, aunque riesgosa, también, se usa de forma recreativa. En Ecuador, se reporta el uso del hongo variegado norteamericano, Panaeolus antillanum, en las Islas Galápagos. La psilocibina muestra beneficios en el tratamiento de trastornos obsesivo-compulsivos, depresión, adicciones y efectos antiinflamatorios. Además, el uso ritual de hongos alucinógenos en México. Guatemala, Perú, Asia y otros países, refuerza su importancia histórica y cultural. Estos hallazgos destacan no solo su valor cultural y recreativo, sino también, su capacidad para ofrecer nuevas perspectivas en la medicina psicológica y farmacológica
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Referencias
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Derechos de autor 2026 Érika A. Chillogallo–Torres, Marcos D. Calle–Morán, Karen P. Cando–Andrade, Álex R. Morocho–Malla , E. Noemí Luzuriaga–Rodríguez (Autor/a)
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