El microbioma como herramienta emergente en la identificación humana: Perspectivas y aplicaciones forenses
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70881/mcj/v4/n1/117Palabras clave:
microbioma humano, genética forense, secuenciación de próxima generación, ARN ribosómico 16SResumen
En genética forense, los avances en biología molecular han permitido la identificación de sospechosos de un delito mediante el análisis de microsatélites. Sin embargo, cuando no se dispone de evidencia biológica humana para identificar al autor, la investigación tiene un alcance limitado. El microbioma humano se ha convertido en una nueva herramienta forense mediante el análisis de los perfiles microbianos característicos de cada individuo, según su ubicación dentro del cuerpo. Las técnicas de secuenciación empleadas son clave para determinar con mayor precisión las firmas microbianas utilizando plataformas y marcadores universales, como las regiones de ARN ribosómico 16S y las regiones espaciadoras transcritas internas (ITS). Las firmas microbianas pueden depositarse por contacto y persistir en el tiempo en condiciones ambientales que pueden influir en el análisis metagenómico y su interpretación. Por lo tanto, las aplicaciones del microbioma pueden abarcar desde la identificación de un sospechoso tras tocar un objeto o persona hasta su vinculación con la escena del crimen e incluso determinar su ubicación geográfica
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Derechos de autor 2026 Luis Alberto Loyola, Patricia Guevara-Ramírez, Emanuel Emilio Valera-Hurtado (Autor/a)
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