Utilidad clínica de los biomarcadores en el diagnóstico y pronóstico del síndrome cardiorrenal

Andrea Mishell Velastegui Guerrero; Génesis Pamela Remache Catota; Anderson Fernando Adriano Cuvi; Estefanía Dayana Caisatoa Cabrera; Katherin Alexandra Silva Sampedro

doi:10.70881/mcj/v3/n3/76

Autores/as

Andrea Mishell Velastegui Guerrero Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo Autor/a https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0318-5004
Génesis Pamela Remache Catota Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo Autor/a https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5973-5261
Anderson Fernando Adriano Cuvi Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo Autor/a https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3002-3137
Estefanía Dayana Caisatoa Cabrera Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo Autor/a https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4346-0501
Katherin Alexandra Silva Sampedro Ministerio de Salud Pública del Ecuador Autor/a https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5893-3201

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70881/mcj/v3/n3/76

Palabras clave:

Síndrome cardiorrenal, biomarcadores, galectina 3, NAG, sST2

Resumen

El síndrome cardiorrenal (SCR) representa una interacción compleja bidireccional entre corazón y riñones, donde la disfunción aguda o crónica de uno de estos órganos contribuye a la disfunción del otro, aumentando significativamente la morbilidad y mortalidad. Esta revisión analiza la utilidad de tres biomarcadores emergentes —galectina-3, sST2 y N-acetil-β-D-glucosaminidasa urinaria (NAG)— en el diagnóstico, pronóstico y manejo del SCR. La galectina-3, relacionada con inflamación y fibrosis, se asocia con mayor mortalidad y deterioro de la función renal en pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca (IC). El biomarcador sST2, al interferir con la señal cardioprotectora de la IL-33, se ha vinculado con peores desenlaces cardiovasculares y progresión de enfermedad renal crónica (ERC). Por su parte, la NAG urinaria indica daño tubular y se ha correlacionado con resistencia a diuréticos, progresión de la ERC y eventos adversos en pacientes con IC. La combinación de biomarcadores cardíacos y renales ofrece un enfoque prometedor para mejorar la precisión diagnóstica y la estratificación del riesgo en el contexto del SCR

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