Influencia de las macrófitas acuáticas flotantes en la estructura y diversidad de la ictiofauna de la laguna tropical del campus La María (Ecuador)
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https://doi.org/10.70881/mcj/v3/n4/97Palabras clave:
Macrófitas acuáticas, Ictiofauna, Diversidad, Humedales tropicales, Manejo ecológicoResumen
Las macrófitas acuáticas cumplen un rol fundamental en la dinámica ecológica de los ecosistemas lénticos tropicales, actuando como moduladores de la estructura del hábitat. Por lo tanto, este estudio evaluó la influencia de las macrófitas acuáticas sobre la estructura y diversidad de la ictiofauna en la laguna del campus La María, cantón Mocache, Ecuador. Se aplicó muestreo sistemático y caracterización morfológica para identificar seis especies de macrófitas y cinco especies de peces de agua dulce, utilizando claves taxonómicas especializadas. Eichhornia crassipes fue la macrófita de mayor incidencia (34,98%), mientras que Hyphessobrycon sp. presentó la mayor representatividad dentro de la ictiofauna (68,96%). El análisis de diversidad ecológica mostró una comunidad vegetal estructuralmente equilibrada (H′ = 1,61; J = 0,90; 1 − D = 0,77), en contraste con una comunidad íctica dominada por una sola especie (H′ = 0,92; J = 0,57; 1 − D = 0,48). Las macrófitas actuaron como elementos clave en la provisión de microhábitats, alimento y refugio, favoreciendo la permanencia y reproducción de especies ícticas menores. Sin embargo, la sobrepoblación de E. crassipes representa un riesgo ecológico potencial, asociado a la reducción de oxígeno disuelto. Se recomienda el manejo ecológico de esta especie mediante biocontroladores y remoción selectiva, así como la conservación activa de especies vulnerables como Nymphaea amazonum, para mantener funcionalidad del ecosistema acuático. Los hallazgos aportan evidencia sobre el papel dual de las macrófitas como facilitadoras ecológicas y, en ciertos contextos, como agentes de desequilibrio ambiental en humedales tropicales urbanos
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Derechos de autor 2025 Gerald Amador Saldarreaga Chichande, Ángel Virgilio Cedeño Moreira, Odalis Celine Vilela Sabando, Carlos Antonio Galarza Romero (Autor/a)
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
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