Plantas medicinales y saberes etnobotánicos en comunidades Kichwas de Cotundo, Napo – Ecuador
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70881/mcj/v3/n3/84Palabras clave:
Etnobotánica, Plantas medicinales, Conocimiento ancestral, Diversidad biocultural, Amazonía ecuatorianaResumen
El presente estudio etnobotánico tuvo como objetivo documentar y analizar el uso de especies vegetales medicinales en las comunidades kichwas de Nueva Esperanza y Buenos Aires, pertenecientes a la parroquia Cotundo, Napo – Ecuador. Se aplicaron 110 encuestas estructuradas en tres bloques: información general, conocimiento y uso cotidiano de plantas medicinales, y características específicas de las especies (nombres, usos, formas de preparación, vías de administración, partes empleadas y ubicación). Además, se realizaron colecciones botánicas in situ para la identificación taxonómica, y se aplicaron pruebas estadísticas de Chi cuadrado y el nivel de uso significativo TRAMIL (UST). Los resultados mostraron un total de 45 especies distribuidas en 26 familias y 38 géneros, siendo las más utilizadas Solanum americanum, Verbena officinalis, Kalanchoe pinnata y Guatteria glaberrima. La mayoría de las especies (69%) se encontraron en bosques primarios, mientras que un 22% se registraron tanto en bosques como en chacras, y un 9% únicamente en chacras. La cocción fue la forma de preparación más frecuente (47%), y la ingesta como bebida es que en la principal vía de administración (55%), predominando el uso de hojas (42%) frente a otros órganos vegetales. El índice TRAMIL permitió identificar tres especies con importancia cultural significativa. En conclusión, la investigación evidencia la vigencia del conocimiento ancestral kichwa sobre plantas medicinales, resalta la relevancia cultural y terapéutica de especies clave y aporta insumos para la conservación de la diversidad biocultural en la Amazonía ecuatoriana
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Derechos de autor 2025 Marlon Oswaldo Núñez Castro, Mayra Elizabeth Alvarado Tanguila, Karelys Pamela Chiliquinga García (Autor/a)
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